Where the Wildwood Fades: Prehistoric Fiction Series (Idyllea Master Index)

Welcome to the master index for the Idyllea series, a collection of prehistoric fiction exploring the raw, visceral transition between the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the British wildwood and early farming communities. © Paul Brooker.

The master index for the Idyllea series, a collection of prehistoric fiction exploring the raw, visceral transition between the nomadic hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic wildwood and the early Neolithic farming communities. Set against the shifting landscape of ancient Britain, these chapters chronicle a deep-time collision of life-ways, beliefs, and human survival. From the muddy, transactional world of the early cattle herders to the deep, silent animism of the untamed forest, Idyllea captures a pivotal moment in our ancestral history where, 6,000 years ago, the ancient canopy begins to break apart under the stone axes of a new age.

What drives this creative writing project—and what makes this specific era so vital—is a profound underlying cultural shift: a massive transformation from a time when humans saw themselves as an intrinsic part of Nature, to the moment they began to view themselves as masters over it. Author Paul Brooker draws inspiration from landscape archaeology, British prehistory, and deep genetic threads to explore this psychological fracture—the very roots of our modern-day ecological crises. This master directory provides an ordered pathway through the complete series, allowing readers to navigate the intersecting journeys of the farmer-born frog-witch Egella, the broken scavenger Sugea, and the wild-born siblings of the deep woods.

Index

Idyllea: Where the Wildwood Fades by Paul Brooker

1. Chapter One: Peace  - I make myself comfortable by the fire and shell hazelnuts for roasting. The scent of the cooking will soon lure them home. It works. My brother returns with a guilty-looking boomerang in his hand and a small pig slung over his shoulders. The poor thing had barely grown out of its stripes when struck by the throwing stick. Xagu accompanies him, grinning with victory.
2. Chapter Two: War  - The bark shield-wall shatters in a spray of dry splinters. The Sheonni pour through the gaps, their faces smeared with ochre, wielding lethal flint. Sugea feels the soil tremble under his feet—the hard, wet thud of birch-bark boots packing down earth that just this morning was consecrated for growth.
3. Chapter Three: Bearded Bull  - She rises from the grass, waves a javelin at the old bull, and taunts him. ‘Bull, your ugly calves are scrawny, but they’ll fit our spit just fine!’ She pretends to throw at a nearby calf and laughs. ‘Come dance with Xagu, bull, or I shall stitch new breeches from your calf skins!’
4. Chapter Four: Witches  - As the bear fur swishes apart, he spots that beneath a necklace of dried amphibian skins, her painted breasts are small, her belly plump. A leather belt around her naked flesh suspends the prickly pelt of a hedgehog over her pubic region, and a cup fashioned from a human cranium lined with clay hangs by her side.
5. Chapter Five: Intrusion  - A she-wolf stands over the red gore, her coat as dark as a cave. Her eyes are flat, reflecting nothing, yet I feel no instinct to reach for a blade. There is no snarl, no scent of musk or heat. She is a shadow given shape, a spirit keeping watch over what we left behind.
6. Chapter Six: Awakening. - She reaches down to the earth with her right hand. Dead leaves and particles of rot lift from the forest floor, building into a swirl as slowly she lowers her hand. A hum of static fills the air. Her fingertips lock with Mother Earth.
7. Chapter Seven: Meeting  - He pulls his wolfskin wrapping tight as though it will protect him from our anger. He utters no more of his insulting sounds. Does he not understand how offended we are to see this grown baby desecrating wolf-kind this way?
8. Chapter Eight:
9. Chapter Nine:
10. Chapter Ten:
11. Chapter Eleven:
12. Chapter Twelve:
13. Chapter Thirteen:
14. Chapter Fourteen:

The Author

Paul Brooker is an East Anglian writer and researcher with a lifelong connection to the landscapes and hidden histories of the British wildwood. His work on the Idyllea series is deeply informed by decades of engagement with landscape archaeology, surface-collection lithic studies, and the deep genetic threads that bind us to our ancestors. Fascinated by the profound psychological and ecological fractures that occurred when humanity transitioned from being an intrinsic part of Nature to attempting to master it, Paul uses fiction to explore the visceral, unwritten realities of our shared past. He documents his ongoing research and deep-time writing projects on his blog, Journals of a Time Traveller.

Idyllea Index

PEACE

I am one of three. I have a brother named Qan, and a sister called Xagu. Together, we are the children of the wilds and we are among the last of our kind. My name is I’teedo.

My brother Qan leads, as always. He is several years the senior of both Xagu and me, well guided by the spirits whom we follow. We have spent all summer resting beneath rock shelters whilst hunting on the hills, but the game is dispersing into the valleys now. The babbling brook we choose to follow down is not deep enough to float upon; we must trek on foot along the hazardous shallows.

Xagu groans at the cumbersome legwork. ‘Qan, are you sure that this is the best way to reach the low valleys?’

Our older brother, his chest high and narrow like a bird’s, turns to flash a grin. The sun has baked his skin to a deep, permanent shadow—a stark contrast to Xagu. Despite her proud, athletic build, my sister's face still holds the round softness of a girl, her skin the pale hue of a fresh-shelled hazelnut.

‘This is the way of the Bearded Bull,’ Qan tells her. ‘He will lead us to safe winter quarters, free of strife. Xagu, the spirit of the Goshawk will grant you a reunion with your fabled other sister.’

He smirks in my direction. Ever since our mothers told us the dream stories, Xagu selfishly brags of her destiny to meet this barbarian sibling. It is her own pride, though I must not be mean. I love Xagu dearly; aside from her ambitions, she is a quiet, thoughtful, and clever person, fiercely loyal to her family.

The brook twists around a bend of its rocky gorge, and we stumble over the mossy stones of the limestone vale. I watch carefully where to place my bare feet to avoid slipping. Xagu follows suit, stepping exactly in my footprints.

Qan disturbs our meditation. ‘There. Look down ahead.’

We both pause to see what has caught our guide’s attention. My jaw drops in wonder. The hillside brook descends to become a wide trout stream, wiggling through a steep-sided gorge before spilling out onto a broader floodplain. Thin forests suggest many browsing kinds—both deer and bovines. Already the leaves are changing to autumn colours. They will be heavy with nuts, and the understory thick with berries. It is a beautiful landscape, the kind that only savages—we wildborn folk—can fully appreciate the true meaning of. This will be where the herds shelter from the cold hillsides; it looks like a very good place to spend the winter.

Xagu spoils our wonder. ‘There will be barbarians there! It will not be safe for us. They’ll have found this sheltered valley before us. Those thinly wooded meadows beyond look too perfect for their cattle.’

Qan raises his eyebrows. ‘No, sister. I tell you that this is the place for us to take shelter from the winter winds. The Bearded Bull is my guide.’

Qan is uniquely in communion with that representation of the bovine—a legendary beast that neither Xagu nor I have ever set eyes upon. My mother told me she once saw Qan conjure up a ghost of his guide when he was a child, but otherwise, the Bearded Bull features only in our stories.

I look at the scenery to the south. I want to reach this paradise, and I hope that Xagu is wrong. Together, we resume our hobble along the stones, climbing down towards the promised land.

To encourage my sister, I offer a mischievous grin. ‘Little Vole, maybe there are folk down there? Others of our own wild kind? There may be pretty boys there to entertain us.’

Xagu snorts, snapping instantly. ‘Boys! Yes, boys of the barbarian sort. Those that would beat you, then enslave you as their concubine-thing to work and to enjoy.’

I look over my shoulder, stick out my tongue, and pull an ugly face at my holier-than-thou sister. I really do love her, even if our desires are sometimes estranged.

From ahead, Qan calls back, ‘There are falls ahead! We will need to walk around.’

Behind me, Xagu groans with despair.

We make it down to lower, less steep ground where the stream grows wider, snaking out of the gorge and across the upper reaches of a foundling floodplain. We have little chance to explore the valley before Xagu offers another thought.

‘Brother and Sister, here we should forage and make camp.’

Her suggestion is, as always, sensible. I leave her to build the overnight den, for she is best suited to that duty. Qan uses his magic bow and drill to coax heat from a small hearth, while I explore the wilderness in search of its fruits. I need not look far. Despite the efforts of squirrels, pigs, and bears, the hazel trees are heavy with nuts, and berries are plentiful within the understory. As I wander around, my nimble fingers picking away the fruits, I dream of bumping into a handsome boy of these woods. I am a young woman, keen to start my own life; despite the pleasant company of my siblings, I feel so horribly alone.

On my return, I find a bivvy constructed under the low bough of a great, spreading yew, which serves as its main beam. It is well insulated with a thick carpet of fresh fallen leaves. A hearth burns at a safe distance in front of the opening. Our new camp is devoid of its creators, however, and I guess that my sneaky siblings have ventured out to hunt without me. The rotters.

I make myself comfortable by the fire and shell hazelnuts for roasting. The scent of the cooking will soon lure them home.

It works. My brother returns with a guilty-looking boomerang in his hand and a small pig slung over his shoulders. The poor thing had barely grown out of its stripes when struck by the throwing stick. Xagu accompanies him, grinning with victory. Tonight, we are going to feast very well.

Xagu cheers up with this success, her tone turning to a cheerful taunt. ‘Beautiful!’

Ugh, she calls me that just to tease me.

Xagu continues, ‘The spirits of this wilderness are generous, and I must beg your forgiveness, for on our jaunt, we saw no evidence of the barbarians.’ She sticks out a rude tongue. ‘Nor of any pretty wild boys!’

Did she really need to say that?

I let her teasing fly free. We busy ourselves with cooking and eating, agreeing that in the morning, with our bellies full, we shall explore more of this magical valley and follow the stream further. Sleep soon follows.

A full day we saunter further down this bountiful valley, continuing to see no sign of any folk, let alone the barbarians who plague our world. We decide to make a more permanent camp. Together as a family, we build a sturdier pair of dens—one for Qan, and another for his sisters. I find heavy stones and establish the magical hearth of our winter camp. This place is deeply enchanted. Now we need to secure our stores of autumn excess. Tomorrow, Xagu and I will set out to forage for nuts to be roasted.

Next Chapter

Back to Idyllea Index

Back to the Future: Time Travel and Haplogroup Index

The Cradle of the Zagros: 7,500 BCE In a mountain valley in Southwest Asia—modern-day Iran—the Aceramic Neolithic is in full bloom. As I visualize an early goat herder in this landscape, I have to ask: is this man my direct ancestor?

Roughly 9,500 years ago, my paternal lineage (identified by the Y-DNA marker L-FGC51036) likely moved through this transformative agricultural culture. A few millennia later, as the Aceramic period evolved into the Sarab and Guran cultures of the Pottery Neolithic, the next genetic variant appeared: SK1414. Following this mutation, "cousins" of my direct line radiated outward, eventually establishing separate paternal lineages in the Levant, Anatolia, the Indus Valley, and Europe.

My ancestors here were the heirs to accidental selection processes initiated much earlier by the Zarzian culture. Having survived the harsh climatic collapse of the Younger Dryas, these people emerged from their refuges to find their relationship with wild grasses deepening into a state of total interdependence. Over generations, wild flora adapted into domestic strains of einkorn and two-row barley—crops that now relied on human threshing to survive.

Simultaneously, the wild bezoar ibex was being transformed into the world’s first domestic goat. It is highly probable that this region saw the very dawn of goat domestication. These animals were perfectly evolved for the Zagros terrain, turning rugged scrub into high-quality protein for Aceramic farmers. Beyond meat, these goats may have already been exploited for dairy, supplemented by gathered legumes and wild nuts.

However, domestication was neither intentional nor entirely beneficial. While agriculture anchored people to the land and allowed for more children, it also planted the seeds of the global population explosion. In time, humans were conditioned by these new species-to-species relationships. For millennia, early farmers suffered from malnutrition, stunted growth, and zoonotic diseases that jumped from livestock to humans. The status of women often declined; skeletal remains reveal the toll of increased childbirth and the grueling physical labor of milling grain on their knees. Yet, agriculture permits a viral, expansive growth that the old ways could never match.

The Material World of the Aceramic Zagros The inhabitants of the Aceramic Zagros clung to several ancient technologies even as they innovated. They continued to produce delicate flint microliths, though toward the end of the period, they began crafting polished stone axe-heads. They had not yet adopted fired pottery; instead, much like their hunter-gatherer ancestors, they relied on woven baskets and skin bags. Yet, a shift was occurring: they had begun partially firing the clay walls of their storage pits and sculpting small clay figurines. These figures suggest that their belief systems were evolving in tandem with their economy and their changing relationship with the landscape. As visualized in the accompanying images, my ancestors were already fashioning sun-dried clay bricks to build multi-level houses within the Zagros valleys.

Historically, there has been a significant emphasis on the western "leg" of the Fertile Crescent—the Natufians, early Levantines, and Anatolians. However, the importance of this eastern leg in the Zagros has long been underrated. Many population genetics enthusiasts now suggest that Zagros Neolithic Farmers form a distinct genetic cluster that later radiated outward, carrying these foundational agricultural practices with them. I am but one of many descendants of this influential lineage.

Early Fertile Crescent. Home of West Eurasian agriculture.

Source ©  OpenStreetMaps Modified by myself.

GO TO NEXT ACT - Godin Tepe 3,800 BCE

Back to the Future: Time Travel and Haplogroup Index

The Fertile Crescent is the name given to a region of Western Eurasia where a Neolithic Revolution first occurred shortly following the end of the last Ice Age. It was here in SW Asia, that the wild ancestors of domestic cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, barley, emmer wheat, bread wheat, einkorn, barley, rye, peas, and vetch all existed. Where the first stone age farmers (Neolithic) developed an agriculture. It was not the only such Neolithic Revolution, others independently happened in Papua, China, SE Asia, Northern America, Southern America, and Africa. The Fertile Crescent may have been home to the earliest such revolution (perhaps challenged by Papua and China), and most affected the development of western civilisations, with its rich array of domesticated species, that became so critical to their economies.

A few posts ago, I blogged a bunch of notes concerning the Anatolian Epipalaelithic and Pre Pottery Neolithic. Here I continue to develop my personal investigation, with the modification of maps.

Map 1. Pre Pottery Neolithic

Early Fertile Crescent Pre Pottery Neolithic between 13,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago. Focusing on Pre Pottery Neolithic A sites:

Map 2. Pottery Neolithic

The Fertile Crescent as it later developed between 10,000 and 6,000 years ago. This included the birthplaces of Uruk civilisation, Elam civilisation (in what is now Iraq and Iran respectively), and Badarian to Naqadan civilisation in Egypt (leading to Pre-Dynastic Egypt):

Source for both versions: OpenStreetMaps

I find that this helps me to better understand the Eurasian Neolithic and its foundation in SW Asia. The latter map which includes Southern Mesopotamia, and the Nile Valley is more like that which was presented to me when I was young. The former, focuses on the very earliest roots.

This Neolithic then spread into Sudan, across the Iranian Plain to the Indus Valley, into the Balkans, and along the Mediterranean coasts. From a local perspective, it didn't reach the British Isles until circa 6,000 years ago.

Below, the map I recently posted, focusing on the Anatolian Pre Pottery Neolithic A sites:

My earlier Notes on the Anatolian Pre Pottery Neolithic A

I've also watched a very interesting video on the Wadi Faynan WF16 PPN A site in Jordan. Highly recommend the video. It provides evidence that the PPN A may have extend so far south of the Anatolian cluster around Göbekli Tepe.

Black and grey realism work by Ross Lee of Ink Addiction tattoo studio in Norwich.  This is a partial phase of a full sleeve project on my right arm and shoulder.  Hopefully complete by Autumn 2019. If you can't see it - then you're not a NW European prehistorian.  It's a British landscape scene, with boulder rocks in the foreground.  On those rocks are a series of carvings pecked into rock, during the Later Neolithic and Earlier Bronze Age.  They consist of a class of Rock Art markings known as cups and rings, or cup and ring markings.

No-one really knows what they symbolised.  I can't think of a more worthy tattoo for a time traveller.

By Dilawer Khan, and available on GenePlaza.

My K12 results and populations

ANCIENT FARMERS 58.9%

West European Farmers (4000-5000 years)  25.2%  References include Neolithic genomes from Portugal, and Chalcolithic genomes from Spain. The similarity between these farmers and other Mediterranean farmers points to a rapid spread of agriculture in Europe around 7000 years ago.

East European Farmers (5000-8000 years)  22.9%  References consist of genomes from Turkey, Greece, and other parts of SE Europe from the Neolithic period. These represent descendants of the first farmers to colonize Europe from the Near East.

Neolithic-Chalcolithic Iran-CHG (5000-12000 years)  6.7%  Based on Neolithic and chalcolithic period samples recovered from Northwest Iran. The farmers from the Zagros mountain Iran region descended from one of multiple, genetically differentiated hunter-gatherer populations in southwestern Asia.  They are estimated to have separated from Early Neolithic farmers in Anatolia some 46,000 to 77,000 years ago, and show affinities to modern-day Kurd, Iranian, Pakistani and Afghan populations.  The Neolithic Iranian references used for this component, were recovered from the Kurdistan region of Iran, and appear to be around 9000 years old. The Chalcolithic Iranian references have been dated to around 5000 years old. The Caucasus Hunter Gatherers (CHG) appear to have genetically contributed to present day Europeans, W Asians, and S Asians.

Levant (4000-8000 years)  4.1%  Based on neolithic and bronze-age period samples recovered from the Levant area in the Middle-East. The references for the bronze age Levant farmer (BA) samples were recovered from the Ain Ghazal, Jordan area and were dated to about 4300 years ago.  The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter- gatherers of Europe to drastically reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those from Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of he Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.

STEPPE CULTURES 30.8%

Andronovo-Srubnaya (3000-4000 years)  14.3%  The Andronovo culture, which are believed to have aided in the spread of Indo_European languages, is a collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished around 3000-4000 years ago in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. This culture overlapped with the Srubna culture in the Volga-Ural region of Russia.

Yamnaya-Afanasievo-Poltavka (4000-5000 years)  10.1%  Believed to be among the first Indo-European language speakers. The Yamnaya genetically appear to be a fusion between the Eastern European Hunter Gatherers that inhabited the western Siberian steppe, and a populations from the Caucasus region. Descendants of the Yamnaya would later change the genetic substructure of indigenous Neolithic Europeans via invasions of Europe from the Eurasian steppe.

Karasuk-E Scythian (2000-3000 years)  6.4%  This cluster is based on ancient genomes from the Karasuk culture, supplemented with two Iron-Age Eastern Scythian samples. The Karasuk percentage should be interpreted as a diffusion of DNA from the Eastern Eurasian Steppe populations post Bronze Age, via Turkic expansions, as well as more subtle diffusions via NE Caucasus populations.

WESTERN EUROPEAN & SCANDINAVIAN HUNTER GATHERERS (4000-5000 years)  8.8%

These were the indiginous populations of Europe that substantially contributed to the genetics of modern Europeans. It is believed that these hunter gatherers arrived in Europe around 45000 years ago from the Near East.

EASTERN NON AFRICANS (modern)  1.5%